Working Principle
◆Magnetic cards: magnetic cards use a magnetic stripe to store data, commonly magnetic oxides, which are read by a card reader that reads changes in the magnetic field on the stripe and converts it into a digital signal for decoding.
◆RFID: RFID technology uses radio frequencies for data transmission. It consists of a microchip and an antenna. The microchip stores data and communicates with the reader through the antenna.

Advantages and applications
◆Magnetic cards: Magnetic cards have the advantages of low cost, easy production, and easy use. It is widely used in access control systems, hotel room cards, bank cards and other fields.
◆RFID: RFID technology has the advantages of non-contact, fast reading, and high-capacity storage. It has a wide range of applications in logistics management, inventory tracking, smart payment, luggage tracking and other fields.

Challenge
●Security: The data on magnetic cards is relatively easy to crack, and RFID technology also faces risks of identity theft and data security.
●Reading distance: RFID technology is limited by the distance between the reader and the tag, and the reading distance is limited.
●Cost: RFID technology is more expensive than magnetic cards and requires more complex equipment and tags.

Future Trends and Developments
●Enhanced security: As technology advances, stronger encryption algorithms and security measures will be adopted to improve the security of magnetic cards and RFID technology.
●Expanding application areas: RFID technology will be applied in more areas, such as smart cities, smart homes, healthcare, etc., to realize the development of the Internet of Things.
●Further integration: Magnetic cards and RFID technology may be integrated with other technologies, such as biometrics, to improve security and convenience.

In summary, magnetic card and RFID technology, as an important part of intelligent building security protection system, have shown great potential in enhancing access control efficiency, ensuring security management, optimizing user experience and so on. With the future development of technology and the emergence of innovative applications, they will further promote the intelligent building safety and security system toward the goal of more intelligent and precise.