What is the main role of RFID in the medical field?
2020-04-28
The main application technologies of the Internet of Things technology in the field of intelligent medical treatment mainly lie in three aspects: material management visualization technology, medical information digital technology, and medical process digital technology.
1. Monitoring and management of medical devices and drugs
With the help of RFID technology, it has begun to be widely used in the visualization technology of material management in medical institutions. , All-round real-time monitoring of the flow to the use process, effectively improve medical quality and reduce management costs.
According to the report of the World Health Organization, the proportion of counterfeit medicines in the world has exceeded 10%, with sales exceeding 32 billion yuan. Relevant data from the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association show that at least 200,000 people die each year from the wrong medication and improper medication, and 11% to 26% of the unqualified medication users. And about 10% of cases of medication errors. Therefore, RFID technology plays an important role in tracking and monitoring medicines and equipment, and rectifying and regulating the market of medical supplies.
Specifically, the application direction of the Internet of Things technology in the field of material management has the following aspects:
1. Anti-counterfeiting of medical equipment and drugs
The identification label attached to the product is unique and difficult to copy. It can play a role in querying information and preventing counterfeiting and counterfeiting. It will be a very important measure for counterfeit and shoddy products. For example, by transferring drug information to a public database, patients or hospitals can check the contents of the label and the records in the database to easily identify counterfeit drugs.
2. Real-time monitoring throughout
From the scientific research, production, circulation and use of medicines, RFID tags can be monitored in all directions. Especially when leaving the factory, when the product is automatically packaged by itself, the reader installed on the production line can automatically identify the information of each drug and transmit it to the database. During the circulation process, it can record intermediate information at any time and implement full-line monitoring.
3. Medical spam information management
Through the cooperation of different hospitals and transportation companies, a traceable medical waste tracking system is established with the help of RFID technology to realize the full tracking of medical waste delivered to the treatment plant, and to avoid the illegal treatment of medical waste.
2. Digital Hospital
The Internet of Things has broad application prospects in medical information management. At present, the demand for medical information management in hospitals is mainly concentrated in the following aspects: identification, sample identification, and medical record identification. Among them, identification mainly includes patient identification, doctor identification; sample identification includes drug identification, medical device identification, laboratory identification, etc .; medical record identification includes disease identification, sign identification, etc. The specific application is divided into the following aspects:
1. Patient Information Management
The patient ’s family medical history, past medical history, various examinations, treatment records, drug allergies and other electronic health records can help doctors formulate treatment plans; doctors and nurses can monitor patient vital signs, treatment chemotherapy and other real-time monitoring information, Eliminate the phenomenon of wrong medicine, wrong injection, etc., and automatically remind nurses to do medicine distribution and inspection.
2. Medical emergency management
Under special circumstances, such as many wounded people, unable to get in touch with family members, critically ill patients, etc., with the help of reliable and efficient information storage and inspection methods of RFID technology, the patient's identity can be quickly confirmed, and his name, age, blood type, emergency contact number, Relevant detailed information such as previous medical history, family members, etc., completed the admission registration procedures, and won valuable time for the treatment of first-aid patients.
In particular, 3G video equipment is installed in the ambulance. When the patient is transported to the hospital, the emergency room can first understand the patient's physiological status and strive for golden rescue opportunities. If it is remote, even a remote medical imaging system can be used for emergency rescue .
3. Drug storage
Apply RFID technology to the storage, use and inspection process of medicines, simplify the manual and paper record processing, prevent out of stock and facilitate the recall of medicines, avoid confusion between similar medicine names, doses and dosage forms, and strengthen medicine management, Ensure timely and ready drug supply.
4. Blood information management
The application of RFID technology to blood management can effectively avoid the shortcomings of small barcode capacity, can realize non-contact identification, reduce blood pollution, achieve multi-target identification, and improve data collection efficiency.
5. Mistake prevention of pharmaceutical preparations
By adding an error prevention mechanism in the process of taking medicines and dispensing medicines, it can be achieved in such aspects as prescription issuance, adjustment, nursing administration, patient medication, drug effect tracking, drug inventory management, drug supplier purchase, shelf life and environmental conditions. Informative management of pharmaceutical preparations, confirm the types of preparations used by patients, record the flow of patients and save batch numbers, etc., to avoid negligence of medications, and safe use of medications by patients.
6. Medical device and drug traceability
Accurately record items and patient identities, including basic information on product use, specific product information related to adverse events, areas where the same quality problem product may occur, patients involved in the problem product, location of the problem product that has not been used, etc., Trace back to bad products and related patients, control all unused medical devices and drugs, and provide strong support for accident handling.
7. Information sharing and interconnection
Through the sharing and interconnection of medical information and records, integrate and form a well-developed comprehensive medical network. On the one hand, authorized doctors can review the patient's medical history, patient history, treatment measures, and insurance details. Patients can also choose or change doctors and hospitals on their own; on the other hand, they support township and community hospitals to seamlessly connect with central hospitals in information, and can obtain expert advice, arrange referrals and receive training in real time.
8. Newborn anti-theft system
Combine the maternity and obstetrics department of a large general hospital or the maternal and child identification management of the maternity and child hospital, baby anti-theft management, and channel authority to prevent outsiders from entering and leaving at will. In particular, after the baby is born, the baby should also wear a "RFID wristband" that can be marked with a unique identity, and make the baby's information and the mother's information have a unique correspondence. To determine whether the baby is wrong, just compare the mother The baby's "RFID wristband" information is enough, which avoids the occurrence of the baby holding the wrong incident.
9. Alarm system
Through real-time monitoring and tracking of hospital medical equipment and patients, it shows that patients send emergency distress signals to prevent patients from running away privately, prevent damage or theft of valuable devices, and protect temperature-sensitive drugs and laboratory samples.
3. Remote medical monitoring
Remote medical monitoring mainly uses the Internet of Things technology to build a patient-centric remote consultation and continuous monitoring service system based on critically ill patients. The original intention of remote medical monitoring technology is to reduce the number of patients entering hospitals and clinics.
According to a 2005 report by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), about 50% of Americans suffer from at least one chronic disease, and their treatment costs account for more than three-quarters of the US $ 2 trillion in medical expenditure. In addition to the high cost of high-tech treatment and surgery, doctors ’routine examinations, laboratory tests, and other monitoring services cost about billions of dollars.
With the advancement of telemedicine technology, high-precision and sophisticated sensors have been able to achieve effective mutual trust within the patient's body-area network, and the focus of telemedicine monitoring has gradually shifted from improving lifestyle to providing timely life-saving information. 1. Exchange medical plans.
In practical applications, the relevant health information of the residents of the community can be transmitted to the rear through wireless and video methods to establish personal medical files and improve the quality of primary medical services; allow doctors to conduct virtual consultations and provide the intellectual support of large hospitals and large experts for basic hospitals. High-quality medical resources are extended to grassroots medical institutions; building a long-distance continuing education service system for clinical cases, etc., to improve the quality of continuing education for medical staff in grassroots hospitals.
1. The application of RFID to help the elderly live independently
Computer scientists at the University of Adelaide are leading a project to develop a new RFID sensor system, illustrating that older people maintain independent lives and take care of themselves safely. Researchers use RFID and sensor technology to automatically identify and monitor human activities; they can determine the normal routine maintenance of individuals, and provide timely help when dangers come, which has great potential value in an ageing population.
The input cost of the system is low, there is no privacy problem and intensive monitoring, and the monitored object (elderly person) does not need to wear other items.
2. Application of smart wheelchair
The task of the smart wheelchair is to safely and conveniently send the user to the destination to complete the established task. During the exercise, the wheelchair not only needs to accept the user's instructions, but also needs to activate its own obstacle avoidance, navigation and other functional modules in combination with environmental information. Unlike the mobile robot, the wheelchair and the user become a cooperative system during use.
During the exercise, the wheelchair not only needs to accept the user's instructions, but also needs to activate its own obstacle avoidance, navigation and other functional modules in combination with environmental information. Unlike the mobile robot, the wheelchair and the user become a cooperative system during use. This requires that the human factor be taken into consideration at the beginning of the design. Therefore, safety, comfort and ease of operation should become the most important factors in the design of smart wheelchairs; the difference in the physical capabilities of users determines that smart wheelchairs need to be designed as An electronic system with multiple functions that can meet the needs of multiple levels, and modularity can best reflect the multi-functional characteristics of the system. Each user can choose the appropriate module integration according to their own type and degree of disability, and the designer can By adding functional modules on the existing basis, it is very convenient to improve the functions of wheelchairs.
The overall functions of the intelligent wheelchair can be divided into the following sub-functions: environment perception and navigation functions, control functions, driving functions and human-computer interaction functions. Through the functional analysis and module division of the intelligent wheelchair, combined with specific research content and desired control objectives, this system is mainly composed of three parts: a sensor module, a drive control module and a human-computer interaction module. Among them, the sensor module is mainly composed of two parts: internal state perception and external environment perception. The posture information of the wheelchair is determined by the posture sensor; the self-positioning information is obtained through the displacement speed and distance of the encoder; vision, ultrasound and proximity switches are mainly responsible for continuous acquisition Distance information of surrounding environment and obstacles. For the drive control module, we adopt the method of rear-wheel drive. Each rear wheel is equipped with an electric motor to realize the forward, backward and steering of the electric wheelchair under the operation of the controller. The human-computer interaction interface is realized by the operation stick and the personal computer interface data input two ways to realize the basic human-computer interaction function.
The smart wheelchair has 2 independent drive wheels, each equipped with a motor code wheel. The real-time detection data of two motor code discs constitutes an odometer-type relative positioning sensor. At the same time, an inclination sensor and a gyroscope are installed to measure the posture state of the wheelchair during travel. Ultrasonic sensors and proximity switches are used to sense information about the surrounding environment. In order to obtain obstacle information in a larger range, this system is equipped with 8 infrared sensors and 8 ultrasonic sensors. In addition, a CCD camera is installed to determine the depth information of the road ahead.
Can only rely on two wheels to complete the balance of the car body. This distinguishing feature requires it to have a special structure. The basic design idea is to keep the two wheels driven by independent DC motors, and the line is on one axis, and the center of gravity of the car body is kept above the wheel axis. The sensor acquires the posture information of the vehicle body in real time, and the processor of the robot processes the sensor signal, calculates the control amount according to a certain control algorithm to control the speed and steering of the motor, drives the robot forward or backward, and completes the balance of the vehicle body.
The intelligent wheelchair uses a combination of an inclination sensor and a gyroscope to form an attitude sensor to detect the running attitude of the vehicle body platform. The tilt sensor is used to measure the angle of the wheelchair from the vertical direction, and the gyroscope is used to measure the angular velocity.
3. Mobile medical
By monitoring some vital signs such as body temperature, heartbeat, etc., a physical condition including the person's weight, cholesterol content, fat content, protein content and other information is established for each customer, real-time analysis of human health status, and the feedback of physiological indicators to the community, Caregivers or related medical units can promptly provide customers with advice on diet adjustment and medical care, and can also provide scientific research materials for hospitals and research institutes.
4. Application of RFID wristband
In the near future, mobile phones will become everyone's personal doctors.
Everyone estimates that they have personal feelings. It is a very common thing to queue up in the hospital. Waiting and anxiety are the most common expressions on people's faces. This pain can sometimes be more tormenting than sickness. Because the patients are so troubled to see a doctor, the hospital is also overwhelmed by the tens of thousands of outpatients every day. But in the near future, these will change. Experts will "live in" the mobile phone, and the mobile phone becomes everyone's personal doctor. This is the prospect of healthy Internet of Things that Yu Mengsun, vice chairman of the Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, gave to people.
Everyone is sick and wants to see an expert, but there are few experts. How can they serve all people? But this will become a reality in the future. The most important thing for an expert is experience, and these experiences are often accumulated based on the data pointers obtained by the patient's illness. If a database of expert experience can be accumulated, when the parameters of this database are rich enough, as long as the patient falls ill himself The parameter pointers are entered, the database will automatically see the patient, and this database will eventually be a "robot expert".
These jerky databases may not be understood by many citizens, but for example, if an expert specializes in cancer, as long as enough of the expert ’s treatment plan is collected, these treatment plans are combined with the patient ’s pathological indicators to establish an expert. Database model, for example, when the database pointers of 10,000 leukemia people are collected, then this database has 10,000 kinds of solutions for leukemia treatment, that is to say, an ordinary leukemia person, as long as the test parameters are entered into this In the database, the database will automatically generate a treatment plan based on the previous expert experience, and this treatment plan is the daily treatment experience of this expert. Such a database will eventually become a software built into the mobile phone. Once sick, the software in the mobile phone will be automatically treated, and if there is a situation that cannot be judged, experts will personally treat the patient through the Internet. At that time, every citizen's mobile phone will be a "machine private doctor".
5. Application of GPS to locate heart patients
Everyone must build their own health database. A heart attacker, if a digital health file is established, once the heart rate is abnormal or even at high risk, the data will be immediately transmitted back to our system. Through GPS positioning, we can help patients dial 120 immediately and contact the nearest hospital for assistance.
This is a simple IoT application, but in the future, every citizen ’s home will have a medical examination device. As long as the citizen puts his palm on this device, the device will collect blood pressure, heartbeat, pulse, body temperature and other factors. In the future, even some simple tests can be completed on the device. After these data are collected, they will be automatically transferred to the hospital's data center. Once the situation arises, the doctor will prompt you to be admitted to the hospital for further examination, or take the nearest treatment measures. If necessary, people's physical examination may be performed daily.